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Clements, F. E. 1916. Plant succession: an analysis of the development of vegetation. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington.

Cooper, W. S. 1926. The fundamentals of vegetation change. Ecology 7:391-413.

Watt, A. S. 1947. Pattern and process in the plant community. Journal of Ecology 35:1-22.

Keever, C. 1950. Causes of succession on oldfields of the Piedmont, North Carolina. Ecological Monographs 20:229-250.

Bard, G. E. 1952. Secondary succession on the Piedmont of New Jersey. Ecological Monographs 22:195-215.

Davis, R. M., and J. E. Cantlon. 1969. Effect of size of area open on species composition in early old-field succession. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 96:660-677.

Horn, H. S. 1974. The ecology of secondary succession. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 5:25-37.

Bazzaz, F. A. 1975. Plant species diversity in oldfield successional ecosystems in southern Illinois. Ecology 56:485-488.

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Horn, H. S. 1975. Markovian properties of forest succession. Pages 196-211 in M. L. Cody and J. M. Diamond, editors. Ecology and evolution of communities. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.

Jackson, J. R., and R. W. Willemsen. 1976. Allelopathy in the first stages of secondary succession on the Peidmont of New Jersey. American Journal of Botany 63:1015-1023.

Loucks, O. L., editor. 1976. The study of species transients, their characteristics and significance for natural resource systems. Institute of Ecology, Indianapolis.

Pickett, S. T. A. 1976. Succession: an evolutionary interpretation. American Naturalist 110:107-119.

Connell, J. H., and R. O. Slatyer. 1977. Mechanisms of succession in natural communities and their role in community stability and organization. American Naturalist 111:1119-1144.

Bazzaz, F. A. 1979. The physiological ecology of plant succession. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 10:351-371.

Cattelino, P. M., I. R. Noble, R. O. Slatyer, and S. R. Kessell. 1979. Predicting the multiple pathways of plant succession. Environmental Management 3:41-50.

Bazzaz, F. A., and S. T. A. Pickett. 1980. Physiological ecology of tropical succession: a comparative review. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 11:287-310.

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Noble, I. R., and R. O. Slatyer. 1980. The use of vital attributes to predict successional changes in plant communities subject to recurrent disturbances. Vegetatio 43:5-21.

Peet, R. K., and N. L. Christensen. 1980. Succession: A population process. Vegetatio 43:131-140.

Bornkamm, R. 1981. Rates of change in vegetation during secondary succession. Vegetatio 47:213-220.

Gittens, R. 1981. Towards the analysis of vegetation succession. Vegetatio 46:37-59.

West, D. C., H. H. Shugart, and D. B. Botkin, editors. 1981. Forest succession: concepts and applications. Springer-Verlag, New York.

Brown, V. K. 1982. Size and shape as ecological discriminants in successional communities of Heteroptera. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 18:279-290.

Pickett, S. T. A. 1982. Population patterns through twenty years of oldfield succession. Vegetatio 49:45-59.

Keever, C. 1983. A retrospective view of old-field succession after 35 years. American Midland Naturalist 110:397-404.

Finegan, B. 1984. Forest succession. Nature 312:109-332.

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Shugart, H. H. 1984. A theory of forest dynamics: the ecological implications of forest succession models. Springer-Verlag, New York.

Brown, V. K. 1985. Insect herbivores and plant succession. Oikos 44:17-22.

Pickett, S. T. A., and P. S. White, editors. 1985. The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics. Academic Press, Orlando, FL.

Armesto, J. J., and S. T. A. Pickett. 1986. Removal experiments to test mechanisms of plant succession in oldfields. Vegetatio 66:85-93.

Jefferson, R. G., and M. B. Usher. 1986. Ecological succession and the evaluation of non-climax communities. Pages 69-91 in M. B. Usher, editor. Wildlife conservation evaluation. Chapman and Hall, London.

Pastor, J., and W. M. Post. 1986. Influence of climate, soil moisture, and succession on forest carbon and nitrogen cycles. Biogeochemistry 2:3-27.

Connell, J. H., I. R. Noble, and R. O. Slatyer. 1987. On the mechanisms producing successional change. Oikos 50:136-137.

Inouye, R. S., N. J. Huntly, D. Tilman, M. A. Tester, M. A. Stillwell, and K. C. Zinnel. 1987. Old field succession on a Minnesota sand plain. Ecology 68:12-26.

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Niering, W. A. 1987. Vegetation dynamics (succession and climax) in relation to plant community management. Conservation Biology 1:287-295.

Pickett, S. T. A., S. L. Collins, and J. J. Armesto. 1987. A hierarchical consideration of causes and mechanisms of succession. Vegetatio 69:109-114.

Uhl, C. 1987. Factors controlling succession following slash-and-burn agriculture in Amazonia. Journal of Ecology 75:377-407.

Bornkamm, R. 1988. Mechanisms of succession in fallow lands. Vegetatio 77:95-101.

Carson, W. P., and G. W. Barrett. 1988. Succession in old-field plant communities: effects of contrasting types of nutrient enrichment. 69:984-994.

Schmidt, W. 1988. An experimental study of old-field succession in relation to different environmental factors. Vegetatio 77:103-114.

Pickett, S. T. A. 1989. Space-for-time substitution as an alternative to long-term studies. Pages 110-135 in G. E. Likens, editor. Long-term studies in ecology: Approaches and alternatives. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.

Pickett, S. T. A., and J. Kolasa. 1989. Structure of theory in vegetation science. Vegetatio 83:7-15.

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Pickett, S. T. A., and M. J. McDonnell. 1989. Changing perspectives in community dynamics: A theory of successional forces. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 4:241-245.

Rankin, W. T., and S. T. A. Pickett. 1989. Time of establishment of red maple (Acer rubrum) in early oldfield succession. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 116:182-186.

Clark, J. S. 1990. Integration of ecological levels: individual plant growth, population mortality and ecosystem processes. Journal of Ecology 78:275-299.

Facelli, J. M., and S. T. A. Pickett. 1990. Markovian chains and the role of history in succession. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 5:27-29.

Luken, J. O. 1990. Directing ecological succession. Chapman and Hall, New York.

Phillips, D. L., and D. J. Shure. 1990. Patch-size effects on early succession in southern Appalachian forests. Ecology 71:204-212.

Armesto, J. J., S. T. A. Pickett, and M. J. McDonnell. 1991. Spatial heterogeneity during succession: a cyclic model of invasion and exclusion. Pages 256-269 in J. Kolasa and S. T. A. Pickett, editors. Ecological Heterogeneity. Springer-Verlag, New York.

DeSteven, D. 1991. Experiments on mechanisms of tree establishment in old-field succession: seedling emergence. Ecology 72:1066-1075.

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Facelli, J. M., and S. T. A. Pickett. 1991. Plant litter: its dynamics and effects on plant community structure. Botanical Review 57:1-32.

Farrell, T. M. 1991. Models and mechanisms of succession: an example from a rocky intertidal community. Ecological Monographs 61:95-113.

Tilman, D. 1991. Constraints and tradeoffs: toward a predictive theory of competition and succession. Oikos 58:3-15.

Vankat, J. L. 1991. Floristics of a chronosequence corresponding to old field-deciduous forest succession in southwestern Ohio. IV. Intra- and inter-stand comparisons and their implications for succession mechanisms. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 118:392-398.

Vankat, J. L., and W. P. Carson. 1991. Floristics of a chronosequence corresponding to old field-deciduous forest succession in southwestern Ohio. III. Post-disturbance vegetation. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 118:385-391.

Vankat, J. L., and G. W. Snyder. 1991. Floristics of a chronosequence corresponding to old field-deciduous forest succession in southwestern Ohio. I. Undisturbed vegetation. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 118:365-376.

Bartha, S. 1992. Preliminary scaling for multi-species coalitions in primary succession. Abstracta Botanica 16:31-41.

Brown, V. K. 1992. Plant succession and life history strategy. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7:143-144.

Fekete, G. 1992. The holistic view of succession reconsidered. Coenoses 7:21-29.

Glenn-Lewin, D. C., R. K. Peet, and T. T. Veblen, editors. 1992. Plant succession: theory and prediction. Chapman and Hall, New York.

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Huston, M. A. 1992. Individual-based forest succession models and the theory of plant competition. Pages 408-420 in D. L. DeAngelis and L. J. Gross, editors. Populations and communities: an individual-based perspective. Chapman and Hall, New York.

Bowers, M. A. 1993. Influence of herbivorous mammals on an old-field plant community: years 1-4 after disturbance. Oikos 67:129-141.

Davidson, D. W. 1993. The effects of herbivory and granivory on terrestrial plant succession. Oikos 68:23-35.

Grimm, N. B. 1993. Disturbance, succession and ecosystem processes in streams: a case study. Pages 93-112 in P. S. Giller, A. G. Hildrew and D. G. Raffaelli, editors. Aquatic ecology: scale, pattern, and process. Blackwell Scientific Publishers, Oxford.

Miles, J., and D. W. H. Walton, editors. 1993. Primary succession on land. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Boston.

McCook, L. J. 1994. Understanding ecological community succession-causal models and theories, a review. Vegetatio 110:115-147.

Bartha, S., T. Czaran, and B. Oborny. 1995. Spatial constraints masking community assembly rules: a simulation study. Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 30:471-482.

Gross, K. L., K. S. Pregitzer, and A. J. Burton. 1995. Spatial variation in nitrogen availability in three successional plant communities. Journal of Ecology 83:357-367.

Krause, B. A., and D. De Steven. 1996. Effects of management and site history on plant succession and seedbank composition in oldfields at the UMW field station. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Field Station Bulletin 29:1-20.

Prach, K., P. Pysek, and P. Smilauer. 1997. Changes in species traits during succession: a search for pattern. Oikos 76:161-168.

Turner, M. G., W. L. Baker, C. J. Peterson, and R. K. Peet. 1998. Factors influencing succession: lessons from large, infrequent disturbances. Ecosystems 1:511-523.

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