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Scientists estimate that since the early 19th century, at least 113 alien species have been introduced and become established in the freshwater portion of the Hudson River Basin. Invaders continue to arrive at the rate of about seven species each decade (Mills, et al. 1996, 1997). These species were introduced from places outside the Hudson Valley, but they have established self-sustaining populations here that have had profound impacts on the ecology and economy of the Hudson River watershed. In this module, students will learn what three of the important invasive species in the Hudson River are and how they have changed the Hudson's ecosystem. You may choose to focus on water chestnut, common reed or zebra mussels, depending on the focus of your curriculum. Below is a suggested learning progression for these topics. We encourage all teachers to take their students to an aquatic ecosystem, be it the Hudson, a stream, or a local pond. This experience will enable students to feel a connection with the topic of study.

Lessons were written by Kathryn Schneider, Hudson Valley Community College and Cornelia Harris, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies.

A: Invasive Species Overview

B: Zebra Mussels

• Lesson B1- Zebra Mussel Invasion


• Lesson B2- Graphing Zebra Mussel Data

C: Water Chestnut

• Lesson C1- Aquatic Plant Invasion


• Lesson C2- Graphing Water Chestnut Data


• Lesson C3- The Effect of Water Chestnuts on Macroinvertebrates


• Lesson C4- Additional Activity, Water Chestnut and Hypoxia

D: Common Reed, A Marsh Invasive

E: On Your Own, An Invasive Species Research Project