Publications contributed to the program of the Institute of Ecosystem Studies

Books

Pace, M. L., and P. M. Groffman (eds.).   1998.   Successes, Limitations, and Frontiers in Ecosystem Science.   Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.   499 p.

Groffman, P. M., and G. E. Likens (eds.).   1994.   Integrated Regional Models: Interactions Between Humans and Their Environment.   Chapman & Hall, Inc., New York.   157 pp.

Batie, S. S., J. W. Gilliam, P. M. Groffman, G. R. Hallberg, N. D. Hamilton, W. E. Larson, L. K. Lee, P. J. Nowak, K. G. Renard, R. E. Rominger, B. A. Stewart, K. K. Tanji, J. van Schilfgaarde, R. J. Wagenet, and D. L. Young.   1993.   Soil and Water Quality: An Agenda for Agriculture.   National Academy Press, Washington, D. C.   516 pp.

Published Papers

Cleavitt, N. L., T. J. Fahey, P. M. Groffman, J. P. Hardy, K. S. Henry, and C. T. Driscoll.   2008.   Effects of soil freezing on fine roots in a northern hardwood forest.   Can. J. For. Res.   38(1):82-91.

Gurwick, N. P., P. M. Groffman, J. B. Yavitt, A. J. Gold, G. Blazejewski, and M. Stolt.   2008.   Microbially available carbon in buried riparian soils in a glaciated landscape.   Soil. Biol. Biochem.   40(1):85-96.

Gurwick, N.P., D.M. McCorkle, P.M. Groffman, A.J. Gold, D.Q. Kellogg, and P. Seitz-Rundlett.   2008.   Mineralization of ancient carbon in the subsurface of riparian forests.   Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences   113 (G2): Art. No. G02021

Kaushal, S.S., P.M. Groffman, P.M. Mayer, E. Striz, and A.J. Gold.   2008.   Effects of stream restoration on denitrification in an urbanizing watershed.   Ecological Applications   18 (3): 789-804

Kulkarni, M. V., P. M. Groffman, and J. B. Yavitt.   2008.   Solving the global nitrogen problem: It’s a gas!   Front. Ecol. Environ.   6 (4): 199-206

Peters, D.P.C., P.M. Groffman, K.J. Nadelhoffer, N.B. Grimm, S.L. Coffins, W.K. Michener and M.A. Huston.   2008.   Living in an increasingly connected world: a framework for continental-scale environmental science.   Front. Ecol. Environ.   6 (5): 229-237

Pickett, S. T. A., M. L. Cadenasso, J. M. Grove, P. M. Groffman, L. E. Band, C. G. Boone, W. R. Burch, C. S. B. Grimmond, J. Hom, J. C. Jenkins, N. L. Law, C. H. Nilon, R. V. Pouyat, K. Szlavecz, P. S. Warren, and M. A. Wilson.   2008.   Beyond urban legends: An emerging framework of urban ecology, as illustrated by the Baltimore Ecosystem Study.   Bioscience   58(2):139-150.

Campbell, J. L, M. J. Mitchell, B. Mayer, P. M Groffman, and L. M Christenson.   2007.   Mobility of nitrogen-15-labeled nitrate and sulfur-34-labeled sulfate during snowmelt.   Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.   71(6):1934-1944.

Clough, T. J., K. Addy, D. Q. Kellogg, B. L. Nowicki, A. J. Gold, and P. M. Groffman.   2007.   Dynamics of nitrous oxide in groundwater at the aquatic-terrestrial interface.   Global Change Biol.   13:1528-1537

Dittman, J. A., C. T. Driscoll, P. M. Groffman, and T. J. Fahey.   2007.   Dynamics of nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest.   Ecology   88:1153-1166.

Groffman, P. M., R. V. Pouyat, M. L. Cadenasso, W. C. Zipperer, K. Szlavecz, I. D. Yesilonis, L. E. Band, and G. S. Brush.   2007.   Land use context and natural soil controls on plant community composition and soil nitrogen and carbon dynamics in urban and rural forests.   For. Ecol. Manage.   246(2-3):296-297.

Pickett, S. T. A., K. T. Belt, M. F. Galvin, P. M. Groffman, J. M. Grove, D. C. Outen, R. V. Pouyat, W. P. Stack, and M. L. Cadenasso.   2007.   Watersheds in Baltimore, Maryland: Understanding and application of integrated ecological and social processes.   J. Contemporary Watershed Research and Application.   136:44-55.

Pouyat, R. V., K. T. Belt, D. E. Pataki, P. M. Groffman, J. Hom, and L. E. Band.   2007.   Urban land-use change effects on biogeochemical cycles. pp. 45-58. In: P. Canadell, D. Pataki and L. Pitelka (eds.). Terrestrial Ecosystems in a Changing World.   The IGBP Series, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York.  

Robertson, G. P., and P. M. Groffman.   2007.   Nitrogen transformations. pp. 341-364. In: E. A. Paul (ed.). Soil Microbiology, Ecology, and Biochemistry, Third Edition.   Academic Press, New York.  

Fisk, M. C., W. R. Kessler, A. Goodale, T. J. Fahey, P. M. Groffman, and C. T. Driscoll.   2006.   Landscape variation in microarthropod response to calcium addition in a northern hardwood forest ecosystem.   Pedobiologia   50:69-78.

Groffman, P. M., J. P. Hardy, C. T. Drisoll, and T. J. Fahey.   2006.   Snow depth, soil freezing and trace gas fluxes in a northern hardwood forest. Global Change Biol.   12:1748-1760.

Groffman, P. M., J. S. Baron, T. Blett, A. J. Gold, I. Goodman, L. H. Gunderson, B. M. Levinson, M. A. Palmer, H. W. Paerl, G. D. Peterson, N. L. Poff, D. W. Rejeski, J. F. Reynolds, M. G. Turner, K. C. Weathers, and J. Wiens.   2006.   Ecological thresholds: The key to successful environmental management or an important concept with no practical application?   Ecosystems   9:1-13.

Groffman, P. M., M. A. Altabet, J. K. Böhlke, K. Butterbach-Bahl, M. B. David, M. K. Firestone, A. E. Giblin, T. M. Kana, L. P. Nielsen, and M. A. Voytek.   2006.   Methods for measuring denitrification: Diverse approaches to a difficult problem. Ecol. Appl.   16(6):2091–2122.

Groffman, P. M., M. C. Fisk, C. T. Driscoll, G. E. Likens, T. J. Fahey, C. Eagar, and L. H. Pardo.   2006.   Calcium additions reduce nitrogen cycling in a northern hardwood forest. Ecosystems   9:1289-1305.

Groffman, P. M., R. T. Venterea, L. V. Verchot, and C. S. Potter.   2006.   Landscape and regional scale studies of nitrogen gas fluxes. pp. 191-203. In: J. Wu, K. B. Jones, H. Li, and O. L. Loucks (eds.). Scaling and Uncertainty Analysis in Ecology: Methods and Applications.   Springer, New York  

Groffman, P. M., R. V. Pouyat, M. L. Cadenasso, W. C. Zipperer, K. Szlavecz, I. C. Yesilonis, L. E. Band, and G. S. Brush.   2006.   Land use context and natural soil controls on plant community composition and soil nitrogen and carbon dynamics in urban and rural forests.   For. Ecol. Manage.   236:177-192.

Gutiérrez, J. L., C. G. Jones, P. M. Groffman, S. E. G. Findlay, O. O. Iribarne, P. D. Ribiero, and C. M. Bruschetti.   2006.   The contribution of crab burrow excavation to carbon availability in surficial salt-marsh sediments. Ecosystems   9:647–658.

Hale, R., and P. M. Groffman.   2006.   Chloride effects on nitrogen dynamics in forested and suburban stream debris dams.   J. Environ. Qual.   35:2425-2432.

Jacinthe, P.-A., and P. M. Groffman.   2006.   Microbial nitrogen cycling processes in a sulfidic coastal marsh.   Wetl. Ecol. Manage.   14:123-131.

Jones, C. G., J. L. Gutiérrez, P. M. Groffman, and M. Shachak.   2006.   Linking ecosystem engineers to soil processes: A framework using the Jenny State Factor Equation. Eur. J. Soil Biol.   42:S39-S53

Kaye, J. P., P. M. Groffman, N. B. Grimm, L. A. Baker, and R. V. Pouyat.   2006.   A distinct urban biogeochemistry?   Trends Res. Ecol. Evol.   21:192-199.

Pardo, L. H., P. H. Templer, C. L. Goodale, S. Duke, P. M. Groffman, ... G. Lovett, and NERC workshop collaborators.   2006.   Regional assessment of N saturation using foliar and root delta N-15.   Biogeochemistry   80:143-171.

Suárez, E. R., T. J. Fahey, J. B. Yavitt, P. M. Groffman, and P. J. Bohlen.   2006.   Patterns of litter disappearance in a northern hardwood forest invaded by exotic earthworms.   Ecol. Appl.   16:154-165.

Suárez, E. R., T. J. Fahey, P. M. Groffman, J. B. Yavitt, and P. J. Bohlen.   2006.   Spatial and temporal dynamics of exotic earthworm communities along invasion fronts in a temperate hardwood forest in South-Central New York (USA).   Biol. Invasions.   8:553-564.

Szlavecz, K., S. A. Placella, R. V. Pouyat, P. M. Groffman, C. Csuzdi, and I. Yesilonis.   2006.   Invasive earthworm species and nitrogen cycling in remnant forest patches.   Appl. Soil Ecol.   32:54-62.

Addy, K., A. Gold, B. Nowicki, J. McKenna, M. Stolt, and P. Groffman.   2005.   Denitrification capacity in a subterranean estuary below a Rhode Island salt marsh.   Estuaries   28:896-908.

Blazejewski, G. A., M. H. Stolt, A. J. Gold, and P. M. Groffman.   2005.   Macro- and micromorphology of subsurface carbon in riparian zone soils.   Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.   69:1320-1329.

Campbell, J. L., M. J. Mitchell, P. M. Groffman, and L. M. Christenson.   2005.   Winter in northeastern North America: An often overlooked but critical period for ecological processes.   Front. Ecol. Environ.   3:314-322.

Fahey, T. J., T. G. Siccama, C. T. Driscoll, G. E. Likens, J. Campbell, C. E. Johnson, J. J. Battles, J. D. Aber, J. J. Cole, M. C. Fisk, P. M. Groffman, S. P. Hamburg, R. T. Holmes, P. A. Schwarz, and R. D. Yanai.   2005.   The biogeochemistry of carbon at Hubbard Brook.   Biogeochemistry   75(1):109-176.

Groffman, P. M., A. M. Dorsey, and P. M. Mayer.   2005.   Nitrogen processing within geomorphic features in urban streams.   J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc.   24:613-625.

Hafner, S. D., and P. M. Groffman.   2005.   Soil nitrogen cycling under litter and coarse woody debris in a mixed forest in New York State.   Soil Biol. Biochem.   37:2159-2162.

Hafner, S. D., P. M. Groffman, and M. J. Mitchell.   2005.   Leaching of dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, and other solutes from coarse woody debris and litter in a mixed forest in New York State.   Biogeochemistry   74:257-282.

Kaushal, S., P. M. Groffman, G. E. Likens, K. T. Belt, W. P. Stack, V. R. Kelly, L. E. Band, and G. T. Fisher.   2005.   Increased salinization of fresh water in the northeastern United States.   Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.   102(38):13517-13520.

Kellogg, D. Q., A. J. Gold, P. M. Groffman, K. Addy, M. H. Stolt, and G. Blazejewski.   2005.   In situ groundwater denitrification in stratified permeable soils underlying riparian wetlands.   J. Environ. Qual.   34:524-533.

Smith, M. F., V. T. Eviner, K. C. Weathers, M. Uriarte, H. A. Ewing, J. M. Jeschke, P. M. Groffman, and C. G. Jones.   2005.   Creating individual awareness about responsible conduct in research: A case study of one institution's approach for researchers and administrators. J. Research Administration   36(1):21-25.

Templer, P. H., P. M. Groffman, A. S. Flecker, and A. G. Power.   2005.   Land use change and soil nutrient cycling in the Los Haitises region of the Dominican Republic.   Soil Biol. Biochem.   37:215-225.

Walsh, C. J., A. H. Roy, J. W. Feminella, P. E. Cottingham, and P. M. Groffman.   2005.   The urban stream syndrome: Current knowledge and the search for a cure.   J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc.   24:706-723.

Bohlen, P. J., P. M. Groffman, T. J. Fahey, and M. C. Fisk.   2004.   Influence of earthworm invasion on redistribution and retention of soil carbon and nitrogen in northern temperate forests.   Ecosystems   7:13-29.

Bohlen, P. J., P. M. Groffman, T. J. Fahey, and M. C. Fisk.   2004.   Ecosystem consequences of exotic earthworm invasion of north temperate forests.   Ecosystems   7:1-13.

Bohlen, P. J., S. Scheu, C. M. Hale, M. A. McLean, S. Migge, P. M. Groffman, and D. Parkinson.   2004.   Invasive earthworms as agents of change in north temperate forests.   Front. Ecol. Environ.   8:427-435.

Cook, W. M., D. G. Casagrande, D. Hope, P. M. Groffman, and S. L. Collins.   2004.   Learning to roll with the punches: Adaptive experimentation in human-dominated systems.   Front. Ecol. Environ.   9:467-474.

Fisk, M. C., T. J. Fahey, P. M. Groffman, and P. J. Bohlen.   2004.   Earthworm invasion, fine root distributions and soil respiration in north temperate forests.   Ecosystems   7:55-62.

Groffman, P. M., C. T. Driscoll, C. Eagar, M. C. Fisk, T. J. Fahey, R. T. Holmes, G. E. Likens, and L. Pardo.   2004.   A new governance structure for the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study.   Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am.   85(1):5-6.

Groffman, P. M., C. T. Driscoll, G. E. Likens, T. J. Fahey, R. T. Holmes, C. Eagar, and J. D. Aber.   2004.   Nor gloom of night: A new conceptual model for the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study.   BioScience   54(2):139-148.

Groffman, P. M., N. L. Law, K. T. Belt, L. E. Band, and G. T. Fisher.   2004.   Nitrogen fluxes and retention in urban watershed ecosystems. Ecosystems   7:393-403.

Groffman, P. M., P. J. Bohlen, M. C. Fisk, and T. J. Fahey.   2004.   Exotic earthworm invasion and microbial biomass in temperate forest soils. Ecosystems   7:45-54.

Groffman, P., E. Zaady, and M. Shachak.   2004.   Microbial contribution to biodiversity at organism, landscape and ecosystem scales. pp. 109 – 121. In: M. Shachak, J. Gosz, S. T. A. Pickett, and A. Perevolotsky (eds.). Biodiversity in Drylands: Toward a Unified Framework.   Oxford University Press, New York.  

Johnston, C. A., P. M. Groffman, D. D. Breshears, Z. G. Cardon, W. Currie, B. Emanuel, J. Gaudinski, R. B. Jackson, K. Lajtha, K. Nadelhoffer, D. Nelson Jr., W. M. Post, G. Retallack, and L. Wielopolski.   2004.   Carbon cycling in soil.   Front. Ecol. Environ.   10:522-528.

Mayer, P., E. Striz, R. Shedlock, E. Doheny, and P. M. Groffman.   2004.   The effects of ecosystem restoration on nitrogen processing in an urban mid-Atlantic Piedmont stream. pp. 536-541.In: K. G. Renard, S. A. McElroy, W. J. Gburek, E. H. Canfield, and R. L. Scott (eds.). First Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds, October 2003.   U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Washington, D.C.  

Rotkin-Ellman, M., K. Addy, A. J. Gold, and P. M. Groffman.   2004.   Tree species, root decomposition and subsurface denitrification potential in riparian wetlands.   Plant Soil   263:335-344.

Shachak, M., R. Waide, and P. M. Groffman.   2004.   Ecosystem processes: A link between species and landscape diversity. pp. 220-232. In: M. Shachak, J. Gosz, S. T. A. Pickett, and A. Perevolotsky (eds.). Biodiversity in Drylands: Toward a Unified Framework.   Oxford University Press, New York.  

Suàrez, E., T. J. Fahey, P. M. Groffman, P. J. Bohlen, and M. C. Fisk.   2004.   Effects of exotic earthworms on soil phosphorus cycling in two broadleaf temperate forests.   Ecosystems   7:28-44.

Venterea, R. T., P. M. Groffman, L. V. Verchot, A. H. Magill, and J. D. Aber.   2004.   Gross nitrogen process rates in temperate forest soils exhibiting symptoms of nitrogen saturation.   For. Ecol. Manage.   196:129-142.

Venterea, R. T., P. M. Groffman, M. S. Castro, L. V. Verchot, I. J. Fernandez, and M. B. Adams.   2004.   Soil emissions of nitric oxide in two forest watersheds subjected to elevated inputs.   For. Ecol. Manage.   196:335-349.

Wigand, C., R. McKinney, M. Chintala, M. Charpentier, and P. M. Groffman.   2004.   Denitrification enzyme activity of fringe salt marshes in New England (USA).   J. Environ. Qual.   33:1144-1151.

Driscoll, C., D. Whitall, J. Aber, E. Boyer, M. Castro, C. Cronan, C. Goodale, P. Groffman, C. Hopkinson, K. Lambert, G. Lawrence, and S. Ollinger.   2003.   Nitrogen pollution: Sources and consequences in the U.S. northeast.   Environment   45:9-22.

Driscoll, C., D. Whitall, J. Aber, E. Boyer, M. Castro, C. Cronan, C. Goodale, P. Groffman, C. Hopkinson, K. Lambert, G. Lawrence, and S. Ollinger.   2003.   Nitrogen pollution in the northeastern United States: Sources, effects and management options.   BioScience   53:357-374.

Findlay, S., P. Groffman, and S. Dye.   2003.   Effects of Phragmites australis removal on marsh nutrient cycling.   Wetl. Ecol. Manage.   11:157-165.

Fiorentino, I., T. J. Fahey, P. M. Groffman, C. T. Driscoll, C. Eagar, and T. G. Siccama.   2003.   Initial responses of phosphorus biogeochemistry to calcium addition in a northern hardwood forest ecosystem.   Can. J. For. Res.   33(10):1864-1873.

Fitzhugh, R. D., C. T. Driscoll, P. M. Groffman, G. L. Tierney, T. J. Fahey, and J. P. Hardy.   2003.   Soil freezing and the acid-base chemistry of soil solutions in a northern hardwood forest.   Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.   67:1897-1908.

Fitzhugh, R. D., G. E. Likens, C. T. Driscoll, M. J. Mitchell, P. M. Groffman, T. J. Fahey, and J. P. Hardy.   2003.   Role of soil freezing events in interannual patterns of stream chemistry at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire.   Environ. Sci. Technol.   37:1575-1580.

Grimm, N. B., S. E. Gergel, W. H. McDowell, E. W. Boyer, C. L. Dent, P. M. Groffman, S. C. Hart, J. W. Harvey, C. A. Johnston, E. Mayorga, M. E. McClain, and G. Pinay.   2003.   Merging aquatic and terrestrial perspectives of nutrient biogeochemistry.   Oecologia   442:485-501.

Groffman, P. M., and M. K. Crawford.   2003.   Denitrification potential in urban riparian zones.   J. Environ. Qual.   32:1144-1149.

Groffman, P. M., D. J. Bain, L. E. Band, K. T. Belt, G. S. Brush, J. M. Grove, R. V. Pouyat, I. C. Yesilonis, and W. C. Zipperer.   2003.   Down by the riverside: Urban riparian ecology. Front. Ecol. Environ.   6:315-321.

Houlton, B. Z., C. T. Driscoll, T. J. Fahey, G. E. Likens, P. M. Groffman, E. S. Bernhardt, and D. C. Buso.   2003.   Nitrogen dynamics in ice storm-damaged forested ecosystems: Implications for nitrogen limitation theory.   Ecosystems   6(5):431-443

Jacinthe, P.-A., P. M. Groffman, and A. J. Gold.   2003.   Carbon dioxide production and dissolved organic carbon dynamics in a riparian aquifer: Effects of hydrology and nitrate enrichment.   J. Environ. Qual.   32:1365-1374.

McClain, M. E., E. W. Boyer, C. L. Dent, S. E. Gergel, N. B. Grimm, P. M. Groffman, S. C. Hart, J. W. Harvey, C. A. Johnston, E. Mayorga, W. H. McDowell, and G. Pinay.   2003.   Biogeochemical hot spots and hot moments at the interface of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.   Ecosystems   6:301-312.

Tierney, G. L., T. J. Fahey, P. M. Groffman, J. P. Hardy, R. D. Fitzhugh, C. T. Driscoll, and J. B. Yavitt.   2003.   Environmental control of fine root dynamics in a northern hardwood forest.   Global Change Biol.   9:670-679.

Venterea, R. T, P. M. Groffman, L. V. Verchot, A. H. Magill, J. D. Aber, and P. A. Steudler.   2003.   Nitrogen oxide gas emissions from temperate forest soils receiving long-term nitrogen inputs.   Global Change Biol.   9:346-357.

Venterea, R. T., G. M. Lovett, P. M.Groffman, and P. A. Schwarz.   2003.   Landscape patterns of soil nitrate production in a northern hardwood-conifer forest.   Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.   67:527-539.

Zaady, E., P. Groffman, M. Shachak, and A. Wilby.   2003.   Consumption and release of nitrogen by harvester termite, Anacanthothermes ubachi Naves in the northern Negev Desert.   Soil Biol. Biochem.   35:1299-1303.

Addy, K., D. Q. Kellogg, A. J. Gold, P. M. Groffman, G. Ferrendo, and C. Sawyer.   2002.   In situ push-pull method to determine ground water denitrification in riparian zones.   J. Environ. Qual.   31:1017-1024.

Christensen, L. M., G. M. Lovett, M. J. Mitchell, and P. M. Groffman.   2002.   The fate of nitrogen in gypsy moth frass deposited to an oak forest floor.   Oecologia   131:444-452.

Groffman, P. M., A. J. Gold, D. Q. Kellogg, and K. Addy.   2002.   Nitrous oxide emissions derived from N leaching. pp. 143 – 155. In: S. O. Peterson and J. E. Olesen (eds.). Greenhouse Gas Inventories for Agriculture in the Nordic Countries.   Danish Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Tjele, Denmark.  

Groffman, P. M., A. J. Gold, D. Q. Kellogg, and K. Addy.   2002.   Mechanisms, rates and assessment of N2O in groundwater, riparian zones and rivers. pp. 159 – 166. In: J. van Ham, A. P. M. Baede, R. Guicherit, J. G. F. M. Williams-Jacobse (eds.).Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases: Scientific Understanding, Control Options and Policy Aspects.   Millpress, Rotterdam.  

Groffman, P. M., N. J. Boulware, W. C. Zipperer, R. V. Pouyat, L. E. Band, and M. F. Colosimo.   2002.   Soil nitrogen cycling processes in urban riparian zones.   Environ. Sci. Technol.   36:4547-4552.

Lovett, G. M., L. M. Christenson, P. M. Groffman, C. G. Jones, J. E. Hart, and M. J. Mitchell.   2002.   Insect defoliation and nitrogen cycling in forests. BioScience   52:335-341.

Pouyat, R., P. Groffman, I. Yesilonis, and L. Hernandez.   2002.   Soil carbon pools and fluxes in urban ecosystems.   Environ. Pollut.   116:107-188.

Verchot, L. V., P. M. Groffman, and D. A. Frank.   2002.   Landscape versus ungulate control of gross mineralization and gross nitrification in semi-arid grasslands of Yellowstone National Park.   Soil Biol. Biochem.   34:1691-1699.

Band, L. E., C. Tague, and P. M. Groffman.   2001.   Forest ecosystem processes at the watershed scale: hydrological and ecological controls of nitrogen export.   Hydrol. Process.   15:2013-2028.

Bohlen, P. J., P. M. Groffman, T. J. Fahey, C. T. Driscoll, and T. G. Siccama.   2001.   Plant-soil-microbial interactions in a northern hardwood forest.   Ecology   82:965-978.

Fitzhugh, R. D., C. T. Driscoll, P. M. Groffman, G. L. Tierney, T. J. Fahey, and J. P. Hardy.   2001.   Effects of soil freezing disturbance on soil solution nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon chemistry in a northern hardwood ecosystem.   Biogeochemistry   56:215-238.

Gold, A. J., P. M. Groffman, K. Addy, D. Q. Kellogg, M. Stolt, and A. E. Rosenblatt.   2001.   Landscape attributes as controls on groundwater nitrate removal capacity of riparian zones.   J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc.   37:1457-1464.

Groffman, P. M., C. T. Driscoll, T. J. Fahey, J. P. Hardy, R. D. Fitzhugh, and G. L. Tierney.   2001.   Colder soils in a warmer world: a snow manipulation study in a northern hardwood forest ecosystem.   Biogeochemistry   56:135-150.

Groffman, P. M., C. T. Driscoll, T. J. Fahey, J. P. Hardy, R. D. Fitzhugh, and G. L. Tierney.   2001.   Effects of mild winter freezing on soil nitrogen and carbon dynamics in a northern hardwood forest.   Biogeochemistry   56:191-213.

Groffman, P. M., W. H. McDowell, J. C. Myers, and J. L. Merriam.   2001.   Soil microbial biomass and activity in tropical riparian forests.   Soil Biol. Biochem.   33:1339-1348.

Hardy, J. P., P. M. Groffman, R. D. Fitzhugh, K. S. Henry, T. A. Welman, J. D. Demers, T. J. Fahey, C. T. Driscoll, G. L. Tierney, and S. Nolan.   2001.   Snow depth manipulation and its influence on soil frost and water dynamics in a northern hardwood forest.   Biogeochemistry   56:151-174.

Jacinthe, P.-A., and P. M. Groffman.   2001.   Silicone rubber sampler to measure dissolved gases in waters.   Soil Biol. Biochem.   33:907-912.

Mitsch, W. J., J. W. Day, Jr., J. W. Gilliam, P. M. Groffman, D. L. Hey, G. W. Randall, and N. Wang.   2001.   Reducing nitrogen loading to the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi River basIn: strategies to counter a persistent ecological problem.   BioScience   51:373-388.

Nielsen, C. B., P. M. Groffman, S. P. Hamburg, C. T. Driscoll, T. J. Fahey, and J. P. Hardy.   2001.   Freezing effects on carbon and nitrogen cycling in soils from a northern hardwood forest.   Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.   65:1723-1730.

Rosenblatt, A. E., A. J. Gold, M. H. Stolt, and P. M. Groffman.   2001.   Identifying riparian sinks for watershed nitrate using soil surveys.   J. Environ. Qual.   30:1596-1604.

Tierney, G. L., T. J. Fahey, P. M. Groffman, J. P. Hardy, R. D. Fitzhugh, and C. T. Driscoll.   2001.   Soil freezing alters fine root dynamics in a northern hardwood forest.   Biogeochemistry   56:175-190.

Van Hoewyk, D., C. Wigand, and P. M. Groffman.   2001.   Endomycorrhizal colonization of Dasiphora floribunda, a native plant species of calcareous wetlands in eastern New York.   Wetlands   21:431-436.

Verchot, L. V., Z. Holmes, L. Mulon, P. M. Groffman, and G. M. Lovett.   2001.   Gross versus net rates of N mineralization and nitrification as indicators of functional differences between forest types.   Soil Biol. Biochem.   33:1889-1901.

Connors, L. M., E. Kiviat, P. M. Groffman, and R. S. Ostfeld.   2000.   Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) disturbance to vegetation and potential net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rates in a freshwater tidal marsh. Am. Midl. Nat.   148:53-63.

Frank, D. A., P. M. Groffman, R. D. Evans, and B. F. Tracy.   2000.   Ungulate stimulation of nitrogen cycling in Yellowstone Park grasslands.   Oecologia   123:116-123.

Gold, A. J., P. M. Groffman, K. Addy, D. Q. Kellogg, and A. E. Rosenblatt.   2000.   The role of landscape setting in riparian groundwater nitrate removal. In: P. J. Wiggington, Jr. and R. L. Beshta (eds.).Proceedings of the International Conference on Riparian Ecology and Management in Multi-Land Use Watersheds.   American Water Resources Association, Middleburg, Virginia.   pp. 113-117.

Groffman, P. M., A. J. Gold, and K. Addy.   2000.   Nitrous oxide production in riparian zones and its importance to national emission inventories.   Chemosphere - Global Change Sci.   2:291-299.

Groffman, P. M., and C. G. Jones.   2000.   Soil processes and global change: will invertebrates make a difference? In: D. C. Coleman and P. F. Hendrix (eds.). Invertebrates as Webmasters in Ecosystems.   CAB International, Oxon, UK, and New York, NY.   pp. 313-326.

Groffman, P. M., R. Brumme, K. Butterbach-Bahl, K. E. Dobbie, A. R. Mosier, D. Ojima, H. Papen, W. J. Parton, K. A. Smith, and C. Wagner-Riddle.   2000.   Evaluating annual nitrous oxide fluxes at the ecosystem scale.   Global Biogeochem. Cycles   14:1061-1070.

Steinhart, G. S., G. E. Likens, and P. M. Groffman.   2000.   Denitrification in stream sediments in five northeastern (USA) streams.   Verh. Int. Ver. Limnol.   27:1331-1336.

Van Hoewyk, D., P. M. Groffman, E. Kiviat, G. Mihocko, and G. Stevens.   2000.   Soil nitrogen dynamics in organic and mineral soil fens in eastern New York.   Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.   64:2168-2173.

Addy, K. L., A. J. Gold, P. M. Groffman, and P. A. Jacinthe.   1999.   Groundwater nitrate removal in forested and mowed riparian buffer zones.   J. Environ. Qual.   28:962-970.

Groffman, P. M.   1999.   Nitrogen in the environment. In: M. E. Sumner (ed.). Handbook of Soil Science.   CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida.   pp. C190-200.

Groffman, P. M.   1999.   Carbon additions increase nitrogen availability in northern hardwood forest soils.   Biol. Fertil. Soils   29:430-433.

Groffman, P. M., and P. J. Bohlen.   1999.   Soil and sediment biodiversity: cross-system comparisons and large scale effects.   BioScience   49:139-148.

Groffman, P. M., E. Holland, D. D. Myrold, G. P. Robertson, and X. Zou.   1999.   Denitrification. In: G. P. Robertson, C. S. Bledsoe, D. C. Coleman, and P. Sollins (eds.). Standard Soil Methods for Long Term Ecological Research.   Oxford University Press, New York.   pp. 272-288.

Groffman, P. M., J. P. Hardy, S. Nolan, C. T. Driscoll, and T. J. Fahey.   1999.   Snow depth, soil frost and nutrient loss in a northern hardwood forest.   Hydrol. Process.   13:2275-2286.

Holland, E. A., R. Boone, J. Greenberg, P. M. Groffman, and G. P. Robertson.   1999.   Measurement of soil CO2, N2O and CH4 exchange. In: G. P. Robertson, C. S. Bledsoe, D. C. Coleman, and P. Sollins (eds.). Standard Soil Methods for Long Term Ecological Research .   Oxford University Press, New York.   pp. 185-201.

Mitsch, W. J., J. W. Day, Jr., J. W. Gilliam, P. M. Groffman, D. L. Hey, G. W. Randall, and N. Wang.   1999.   Reducing nutrient loads, especially nitrate-nitrogen, to surface water, groundwater, and the Gulf of Mexico. Topic 5 Report for the Integrated Assessment on Hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico.   U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Silver Spring, Maryland.   NOAA Coastal Ocean Program, Decision Analysis Series No. 19.

Otto, S., P. M. Groffman, S. E. G. Findlay, and A. Arreola.   1999.   Invasive plant species and microbial processes in a tidal freshwater marsh.   J. Environ. Qual.   28:1252-1257.

Robertson, G. P., D. Wedin, P. M. Groffman, J. M. Blair, E. A. Holland, K. J. Nadelhoffer, and D. Harris.   1999.   Soil carbon and nitrogen availability: nitrogen mineralization, nitrification and carbon turnover. In: G. P. Robertson, C. S. Bledsoe, D. C. Coleman, and P. Sollins (eds.). Standard Soil Methods for Long Term Ecological Research.   Oxford University Press, New York.   pp. 258-271.

Shem-Tov, S., E. Zaady, P. M. Groffman, and Y. Gutterman.   1999.   Soil carbon content along a rainfall gradient and inhibition of germination: a potential mechanism for regulating distribution of Plantago coronopus.   Soil Biol. Biochem.   31:1209-1218.

Burtelow, A. E., P. J. Bohlen, and P. M. Groffman.   1998.   Influence of exotic earthworm invasion on soil organic matter, microbial biomass and denitrification potential in forest soils of the northeastern United States.   Appl. Soil Ecol.   9:197-202.

Frank, D. A., and P. M. Groffman.   1998.   Denitrification in a semi-arid grazing ecosystem.   Oecologia   117:564-569.

Frank, D. A., and P. M. Groffman.   1998.   Ungulate vs. landscape control of soil C and N processes in grasslands of Yellowstone National Park.   Ecology   79:2229-2241.

Gold, A. J., P. A. Jacinthe, P. M. Groffman, and R. H. Puffer.   1998.   Patchiness in groundwater nitrate removal in a riparian forest.   J. Environ. Qual.   27:146-155.

Groffman, P. M.   1998.   Denitrification in soils and its impact on soil fertility and environmental quality. In: N. S. Subbarao and Y. R. Dommergues (eds.). Microbial Interactions in Agriculture and Forestry.   Oxford and IBH Publishing, New Dehli.   pp. 165-191.

Groffman, P. M., A. J. Gold, and P. A. Jacinthe.   1998.   Nitrous oxide production in riparian zones and groundwater. Nutrient Cycling in   Agroecosystems   52:179-186.

Groffman, P. M., and M. L. Pace.   1998.   Synthesis: What kind of discipline is this, anyhow? In: M. L. Pace and P. M. Groffman (eds.). Successes, Limitations, and Frontiers in Ecosystem Science.   Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.   pp. 473-481.

Jacinthe, P.-A., P. M. Groffman, A. J. Gold, and A. Mosier.   1998.   Patchiness in microbial nitrogen transformations in groundwater in a riparian forest.   J. Environ. Qual.   27:156-164.

Pace, M. L., and P. M. Groffman.   1998.   Introduction: needs and concerns in ecosystem science. In: M. L. Pace and P. M. Groffman (eds.). Successes, Limitations, and Frontiers in Ecosystem Science.   Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.   pp. 1-6.

Pace, M. L., and P. M. Groffman.   1998.   Successes, Limitations and Frontiers in Ecosystem Science: reflections on the Seventh Cary Conference. Ecosystems   1:137-142.

Zaady, E., P. M. Groffman, and M. Shachak.   1998.   Nitrogen fixation in macro- and microphytic patches in the Negev desert.   Soil Biol. Biochem.   30:449-454.

Groffman, P. M.   1997.   Contaminant effects on microbial functions in riparian buffer zones. In: N. E. Haycock, T. Burt, K. Goulding, and G. Pinay (eds.). Buffer Zones: Their Processes and Potential in Water Protection.   Quest Environmental, Harpenden, United Kingdom.   pp. 83-92.

Groffman, P. M.   1997.   Ecological constraints on the ability of precision agriculture to improve the environmental performance of agricultural production systems.In: Precision Agriculture: Spatial and Temporal Variability of Environmental Quality. Ciba Foundation Symposium 210.   J. Wiley and Sons, Inc., Chichester.   pp. 52-64.

Groffman, P. M.   1997.   Global biodiversity: is it in the mud and the dirt?   Trends Ecol. Evol.   12(8):301-302.

Groffman, P. M., and G. C. Hanson.   1997.   Denitrification in red maple wetlands: influence of site quality and relationships with wetland delineation protocols.   Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.   61:323-329.

Lowrance, R., L. S. Altier, J. D. Newbold, R. R. Schnabel, P. M. Groffman, J. M. Denver, D. L. Correll, J. W. Gilliam, J. L. Robinson, R. B. Brinsfield, K. W. Staver, W. Lucas, and A. H. Todd.   1997.   Water quality functions of riparian forest buffers in Chesapeake Bay watersheds.   Environ. Manage.   21:687-712.

McDonnell, M. J., S. T. A. Pickett, P. Groffman, P. Bohlen, R. V. Pouyat, W. C. Zipperer, R. W. Parmelee, M. M. Carreiro, and K. Medley.   1997.   Ecosystem processes along an urban-to-rural gradient.   Urban Ecosyst.   1(1):21-36.

Ringold, P. L., and P. M. Groffman.   1997.   Inferential studies of climate change.   Ecol. Appl.   7(3):751-752.

Steinberg, D. A., R. V. Pouyat, R. W. Parmelee, and P. M. Groffman.   1997.   Earthworm activity and nitrogen mineralization rates along an urban-rural land use gradient.   Soil Biol. Biochem.   29:427-430.

Tartowski, S. L., E. B. Allen, N. E. Barrett, A. R. Berkowitz, R. K. Colwell, P. M. Groffman, J. Harte, H. P. Possingham, C. M. Pringle, D. L. Strayer, and C. R. Tracy.   1997.   Integration of species and ecosystem approaches to conservation. In: S. T. A. Pickett, R. S. Ostfeld, M. Shachak, and G. E. Likens (eds.). The Ecological Basis of Conservation: Heterogeneity, Ecosystems, and Biodiversity.   Chapman & Hall, Inc., New York.   pp. 187-192.

Voos, G. V., and P. M. Groffman.   1997.   Dissipation of 2,4-D and dicamba in a heterogeneous landscape.   Appl. Soil Ecol.   5:181-187.

Voos, G., and P. M. Groffman.   1997.   Relationships between microbial biomass and dissipation of 2,4-D and dicamba in soil.   Biol. Fertil. Soils   24:106-110.

Boyer, J. N., and P. M. Groffman.   1996.   Bioavailability of water extractable organic carbon fractions in forest and agricultural soil profiles.   Soil Biol. Biochem.   28:783-790.

Groffman, P. M.   1996.   Integration of soil science in ecological research. In: R. J. Wagenet and J. Bouma (eds.). The Role of Soil Science in Interdisciplinary Research.   American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin.   pp. 57-66.

Groffman, P. M., G. C. Hanson, E. Kiviat, and G. Stevens.   1996.   Variation in microbial parameters in four different wetland types.   Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.   60:622-629.

Groffman, P. M., G. Howard, A. J. Gold, and W. M. Nelson.   1996.   Microbial nitrate processing in shallow groundwater in a riparian forest.   J. Environ. Qual.   25:1309-1316.

Groffman, P. M., P. Eagan, W. M. Sullivan, and J. L. Lemunyon.   1996.   Grass species and soil type effects on microbial biomass and activity.   Plant Soil   183:61-67.

Öquist, M. G., B. H. Svensson, P. M. Groffman, and M. Taylor.   1996.   Non-tidal wetlands. In: R. T. Watson, M. C. Zinyowera, and R. H. Moss (eds.). Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptations and Mitigation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses.Contribution of Working Group II to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.   Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York.   pp. 215-240.

Zaady, E., P. M. Groffman, and M. Shachak.   1996.   Litter as a regulator of nitrogen and carbon dynamics in macrophytic patches in Negev desert soils   Soil Biol. Biochem.   28:39-46.

Zaady, E., P. M. Groffman, and M. Shachak.   1996.   Release and consumption of nitrogen from snail feces in Negev desert soils.   Biol. Fertil. Soils   23:399-405.

Goldman, M. B., P. M. Groffman, R. V. Pouyat, M. J. McDonnell, and S. T. A. Pickett.   1995.   CH4 uptake and N availability in forest soils along an urban to rural gradient.   Soil Biol. Biochem.   27:281-286.

Groffman, and C. L. Turner.   1995.   Plant productivity and nitrogen gas fluxes in tallgrass prairie.   Landscape Ecol.   10:255-266.

Groffman, P. M.   1995.   Assessment and importance of denitrification as a source of soil nitrogen loss in tropical agroecosystems.   Fert. Res.   42:139-148.

Groffman, P. M., A. J. Gold, and G. Howard.   1995.   Effects of hydrologic tracers on soil microbial activities.   Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.   59:478-481.

Groffman, P. M., R. V. Pouyat, M. J. McDonnell, S. T. A. Pickett, and W. C. Zipperer.   1995.   Carbon pools and trace gas fluxes in urban forest soils. In: R. Lal, J. Kimble, E. Levine, and B. A. Stewart (eds.). Advances in Soil Science: Soil Management and Greenhouse Effect.   CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida.   pp. 147-158.

Lowrance, R., L. S. Altier, J. D. Newbold, R. R. Schnabel, P. M. Groffman, J. M. Denver, D. L. Correll, J. W. Gilliam, J. L. Robinson, R. B. Brinsfield, K. W. Staver, W. Lucas, and A. H. Todd.   1995.   Water quality functions of riparian forest buffer systems in the Chesapeake Bay watershed.   US Environ. Prot. Agency Rep. #EPA 903-R-95-004., Washington, D. C.   67 pp.

Nelson, W. M., A. J. Gold, and P. M. Groffman.   1995.   Spatial and temporal variation in groundwater nitrate removal in a riparian forest.   J. Environ. Qual.   24:691-699.

Pouyat, R. V., M. J. McDonnell, S. T. A. Pickett, P. M. Groffman, M. M. Carreiro, R. W. Parmelee, K. E. Medley, and W. C. Zipperer.   1995.   Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in oak stands along an urban-rural land use gradient. In: J. M. Kelly and W. W. McFee (eds.). Carbon Forms and Functions in Forest Soils.   Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin.   pp. 569-587.

Duncan, C. P., and P. M. Groffman.   1994.   Comparing microbial parameters in natural and artificial wetlands.   J. Environ. Qual.   23:298-305.

Groffman, P. M.   1994.   Denitrification in freshwater wetlands.   Curr. Top. Wetland Biogeochem.   1:15-35.

Groffman, P. M., and R. J. Wagenet.   1994.   Advances and pitfalls in translating information across scales.   Proc. 15th World Congr. Soil Sci.   6a:662-681.

Hanson, G. C., P. M. Groffman, and A. J. Gold.   1994.   Symptoms of nitrogen saturation in a riparian wetland.   Ecol. Appl.   4:750-756.

Hanson, G. C., P. M. Groffman, and A. J. Gold.   1994.   Denitrification in riparian wetlands receiving high and low groundwater nitrate inputs.   J. Environ. Qual.   23:917-922.

Voos, G., P. M. Groffman, and M. Tfeil.   1994.   Laboratory analysis of 2,4-D and dicamba residues in soil.   J. Agric. Food Chem.   42:2502-2507.

Gold, A. J., and P. M. Groffman.   1993.   Leaching of agrichemicals from suburban areas. In: K. D. Racke (ed.). Pesticides in Urban Environments: Fate and Significance.   American Chemical Society.   pp. 182-190.

Groffman, P. M.   1993.   Soil microbiology: contributions from the gene to the global scale. In: T. Sims (ed.). Agricultural Research in the Northeastern United States: A Critical Review by Soil and Crop Scientists.   American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin.   pp. 19-26.

Groffman, P. M., C. W. Rice, and J. M. Tiedje.   1993.   Denitrification in a tallgrass prairie landscape.   Ecology   74:855-862.

Groffman, P. M., D. R. Zak, S. Christensen, A. R. Mosier, and J. M. Tiedje.   1993.   Early spring nitrogen dynamics in a temperate forest landscape.   Ecology   74:1579-1585.

Likens, G. E., and P. M. Groffman.   1993.   Integrated regional models [workshop report].   Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am.   74(3):226-228.

Charpentier, M. C., and P. M. Groffman.   1992.   Soil moisture variability within remote sensing pixels.   J. Geophys. Res.   17:19987-19998.

Groffman, P. M., A. J. Gold, and R. C. Simmons.   1992.   Nitrate dynamics in riparian forests: microbial studies.   J. Environ. Qual.   21:666-671.

Groffman, P. M., J. M. Tiedje, D. L. Mokma, and S. Simkins.   1992.   Regional scale estimates of denitrification in north temperate forest soils.   Landscape Ecol.   7:45-53.

Schimel, J., P. Robertson, D. Baldocchi, J. Bogner, E. Davidson, J. Duyzer, D. Ehhalt, D. Fowler, P. Groffman, K Haider, V. Isadorov, L. Klemedtsson, J. Melillo, K. Smith, and W. Wieprecht.   1992.   Impacts of trace gas fluxes in mid-latitude ecosystems. In: D. S. Ojima and B. H. Svennsson (eds.). Trace Gas Fluxes in a Global Perspective.   Ecological Bulletins, Copenhagen.   pp. 124-132.

Simmons, R. C., A. J. Gold, and P. M. Groffman.   1992.   Nitrate dynamics in riparian forests: groundwater studies.   J. Environ. Qual.   21:656-665.

Papers--In Press

Groffman, P., P. Capel, K. Riiters, and W. Yang.   2007.   Ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes. In: M. Schnepf and C. Cox (eds.). Managing Agricultural Landscapes for Environmental Quality: Strengthening the Science Base.   Soil and Water Conservation Society, Ankeny, IA.  

Judd, K. E., G. E. Likens, and P. M. Groffman.   2007.   High nitrate retention during winter in soils of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest.   Ecosystems.  

Pouyat, R. V., M. M. Carreiro, P. M. Groffman, and M. A. Pavao-Zuckerman.   2007.   Investigative approaches of urban biogeochemical cycles: New York metropolitan area and Baltimore as case studies. In: M. J. McDonnell, J. Breuste, and A. K. Hahs (eds.). Ecology of Cities and Towns: A Comparative Approach.   Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.  

Miscellaneous Publications

Groffman, P.   2004.   February 22. Snow blanket protects life.   Poughkeepsie Journal   Sect. B:7.

Groffman, P. M.   1997.   Snow is good, worms are bad.   Guest Column, "EcoNotes," Taconic Newspapers, Millbrook, New York.   CV(16) (4/17/97).

Groffman, P. M.   1996.   Earth cleansing self.   Guest Column, Taconic Newspapers, Millbrook, New York   CIV(6):A5 (2/8/96).

Publications pre-Cary Institute

Groffman, P.M. and J.M. Tiedje. 1991. Relationships between denitrification, CO2 production and air filled porosity in soils of different texture and drainage. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 23:299 302.

Groffman, P.M., E.A. Axelrod, J.L. Lemunyon and W.M. Sullivan. 1991. Denitrification in grass and forest vegetated filter strips. Journal of Environmental Quality. 20:671 674.

Groffman, P.M., W.R. Wright, A.J. Gold, P.V. August and C.M. McKiel. 1991. A curriculum in soils for natural resources science. Journal of Agronomic Education. 20:162 165.

Groffman, P.M. and C. Jaworski. 1991. Is rainfall polluting our waters? Nor'easter 3:28 33.

Groffman, P.M. and N.A. Jaworski. 1991. Watershed nitrogen management: Upper Potomac River Basin case study. Pages 47 59 In New Perspectives in the Chesapeake System: A Research and Management Partnership (J.A. Mihursky and A. Chaney, editors). Chesapeake Research Consortium. Solomons, MD.

Groffman, P.M. 1991. Ecology of nitrification and denitrification in soil evaluated at scales relevant to atmospheric chemistry. Pages 201 217. In Microbial Production and Consumption of Greenhouse Gases: Methane, Nitrogen Oxides and Halomethanes (W.B. Whitman and J. Rogers, editors). American Society of Microbiology, Washington, D.C.

Groffman, P.M., A.J. Gold and T.P. Husband. 1991. Mechanisms of pollutant removal in vegetated buffer strips. Pages 5 12 In Function and Management of Buffer Strips for Coastal Resources Protection. University of Massachusetts Cooperative Extension, Amherst.

Christensen, S., P. Groffman, A. Mosier and D.R. Zak. 1991. Rhizosphere denitrification: A minor process but indicator of decomposition activity. Pages 199 211 In Denitrification in Soils and Sediments (N.P. Revsbech and J. Sorenson, editors). Plenum Press, NY.

Zak, D.R., P.M. Groffman, S. Christensen, K.S. Pregitzer and J.M. Tiedje. 1990. The Vernal Dam: Plant microbe competition for nitrogen in northern hardwood forests. Ecology 71:651 656.

Davidson, E.A., D.D. Myrold and P.M. Groffman. 1990. Denitrification in temperate forest ecosystems. Pages 196 220 In Proceedings of the Seventh North American Forest Soils Conference (S.P. Gessel, D.S. Lacate, G.F. Weetman and R.F. Powers, editors). University of British Columbia, Faculty of Forestry Publication, Vancouver.

Groffman, P.M. 1990. Agroecology (book review). Ecology 71:1629 1630.

Groffman, P.M. 1990. Organic matter decomposition under land use conversion and tillage systems. Page VII 6 In Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agricultural Systems. USEPA, Office of Policy Analysis, Washington, D.C.

Groffman, P.M. and J.M. Tiedje. 1989. Denitrification in north temperate forest soils: Spatial and temporal patterns at the landscape and seasonal scales. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 21:613 620.

Groffman, P.M. and J.M. Tiedje. 1989. Denitrification in north temperate forest soils: Relationships between denitrification and environmental factors at the landscape scale. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 21:621 626.

Tiedje, J.M., S. Simkins and P.M. Groffman. 1989. Perspectives on measurement of denitrification in the field including recommended protocols for acetylene based methods. Plant and Soil 115:261 284.

Rosswall, T., F. Bak, D. Baldocchi, R.J. Cicerone, R. Conrad, D.H. Ehhalt, M.K. Firestone, I.E. Galbally, V.F. Galchenko, P.M. Groffman, H. Papen, W.S. Reeburgh and E. Sanhueza. 1989. What regulates production and consumption of trace gases in ecosystems: Biology or physicochemistry? Pages 73 95 In Exchange of Trace Gases Between Terrestrial Ecosystems and the Atmosphere. (M.O. Andreae and D.S. Schimel, Editors). Dahlem Konferenzen. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester.

Groffman, P.M. and J.M. Tiedje. 1988. Denitrification hysteresis during wetting and drying cycles in soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal 52:1626 1629.

Hendrix, P.F., C.R. Han and P.M. Groffman. 1988. Soil respiration in conventional and no tillage agroecosystems under different winter cover crop rotations. Soil and Tillage Research 12:135 148.

Groffman, P.M., J.M. Tiedje, G.P. Robertson and S. Christensen. 1988. Denitrification at different temporal and geographic scales: Proximal and distal controls. Pages 174 192 In Advances in Nitrogen Cycling in Agricultural Ecosystems (J.R. Wilson, editor). CAB International, Wallingford, U.K.

Groffman, P.M., P.F. Hendrix and D.A. Crossley, Jr. 1987. Nitrogen cycling in conventional and no tillage agroecosystems with inorganic fertilizer or legume nitrogen inputs. Plant and Soil 97:315 332.

Groffman, P.M. 1987. Nitrification and denitrification in soil: A comparison of incubation, enzyme assay and enumeration techniques. Plant and Soil 97:445 450.

Groffman, P.M., P.F. Hendrix and D.A. Crossley, Jr. 1987. Effects of a winter legume on phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium cycling in a humid sub tropical agroecosystem. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 18:281 289.

Lowrance, R.R. and P.M. Groffman. 1987. Impacts of low and high input agriculture on landscape structure and function. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 2:175 183.

Groffman, P.M., P.F. Hendrix, C.R. Han and D.A. Crossley, Jr. 1987. Nutrient cycling processes in a southeastern agroecosystem with winter legumes. Pages 7 8 In The Role of Legumes in Conservation Tillage Systems (J.F. Power, editor). Soil Conservation Society of America, Ankeny, Iowa USA.

Hendrix, P.F., R.W. Parmelee, D.A. Crossley, Jr., D.C. Coleman, E.P. Odum and P.M. Groffman. 1986. Detritus food webs in conventional and no tillage agroecosystems. Bioscience 36:374 380.

Groffman, P.M., G.J. House, P.F. Hendrix, D.E. Scott and D.A. Crossley, Jr. 1986. Nitrogen cycling as affected by interactions of components in a Georgia piedmont agroecosystem. Ecology 67:80 87.

Groffman, P.M. 1985. Nitrification and denitrification in conventional and no tillage soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 49:329 334.

Groffman, P.M., J.E. Box, Jr. and R.L. Todd. 1984. Effects of artificial drainage on soil mineral nitrogen dynamics in winter wheat on the southern Piedmont. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 15:1051 1063.